Research Projects

Professor: Kleverton Krinski

Line of Research: Functional and Psychophysiological Aspects Associated with Human Performance

JUSTIFICATION: Through the last few years, studies on physical exercises (particularly high-intensity interval aerobic training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT)) have shown numerous physical and mental health benefits. However, certain HIIT and RT components, such as intensity, recovery intervals, and the number of sets performed in acute and subacute phases, can contribute to a negative stressful answer to the cardiorespiratory and muscular systems, immune-neuroendocrine axis, and psychological aspects. It is important to emphasize that the imbalance in these factors may impair human performance and, consequently, initial adherence to exercise. In the acute phase, a particularly valued aspect has been the psychological responses to exercise, notably affective valence (the sense of pleasure or displeasure), as positive and enjoyable strategies hold greater potential for long-term adherence and commitment. Therefore, investigating the acute and subacute physiological and psychological responses associated with HIIT and RT exercise models recommended for the adult population is highly relevant.

OBJECTIVE: The present project is aimed at investigating the acute and subacute effects of distinct training modalities (HIIT and RT) on psychophysiological responses in adults.

METHODOLOGY: The project will be conducted through controlled and randomized trials in healthy adults of both sexes, spanning various age groups and categorized as active or insufficiently active. The physiological variables considered include cardiorespiratory, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage-related measures. Psychological variables assessed during experimental sessions will include ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and affective valence (feelings of pleasure/displeasure); post-session measures will focus on muscle soreness (pain threshold and tolerance) and episodes of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), analyzed concurrently with physiological variables. Statistical analysis for the various sub-projects associated with this larger project will primarily involve repeated measures by ANOVA to compare physiological and psychological responses across groups.

EXPECTED RESULTS: The results are expected to expand the integrated physiological and psychophysiological understanding of acute and subacute responses to HIIT and RT in adult individuals, enabling the guidance and optimization of exercise prescriptions for this population. The most effective methods/protocols for promoting exercise adherence and commitment will be made available to professionals through informational booklets and applications specifically developed for this purpose.

Professor: Claudinei Ferreira dos Santos

Line of Research: Functional and Psychophysiological Aspects Associated with Human Performance

JUSTIFICATION: In pursuit of enhanced physical performance, individuals across various sports frequently turn to ergogenic aids. Among the most commonly utilized resources are nutritional ergogenic aids related to delaying muscular fatigue, increasing anaerobic performance, enhancing mental strength, and the ones that assist the processes of muscle gain and fat loss. Alongside the growing competitiveness in sports, there is also an increase in the availability and commercialization of a wide range of ergogenic aids. However, some of these aids lack scientific backing to ensure their effectiveness, particularly due to the vast array of sports modalities and supplementation protocols employed. Notably, running, cycling, and resistance training are highlighted as the most practiced and studied modalities when the objective is to investigate the ergogenic effects of different nutritional resources.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effect of different physical exercise protocols combined with different utilization of nutritional ergogenic aids on human performance.

METHODS: Randomized controlled clinical trials will be conducted with healthy adults aged between 18 and 45 years who engage in running, cycling, or resistance training. Different dosages and administration times of caffeine, protein nutritional supplements, creatine, natural juices, and isotonic beverages will be utilized. In conjunction with these administrations, variables related to muscle strength and power, such as peak torque (PT), total work (TW), and muscle fatigue index (FI), will be measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Changes in body composition will be assessed through anthropometric techniques (skinfold measurements) and imaging analysis of different human biological tissues (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis). Aerobic performance will be evaluated by analyzing maximum oxygen consumption (VO₂max) using direct methods (spirometry) and indirect methods (predictive formulas) on a cycle ergometer and programmable electric treadmill. A metabolic gas analyzer will be used for the direct analysis of VO₂max. Following data collection and tabulation, tests will be conducted to verify the normality of the data, followed by statistical inference tests based on the characteristics of the experimental protocols employed.

EXPECTED RESULTS: The various subprojects associated with this larger study will inform professionals in the field of Human Movement Sciences on the effects of different ergogenic aids in conjunction with physical exercise on human performance, thereby contributing to the formulation of evidence-based intervention protocols.

Professor: Raphael Gonçalves de Oliveira

Line of Research: Functional and Psychophysiological Aspects Associated with Human Performance

JUSTIFICATION: IFitness indicators are critical determinants of human performance, influencing the capacity to execute diverse daily tasks with varying degrees of vigor, efficiency, and energy expenditure. Systematic and sustained engagement in physical exercise plays a prominent role in modulating fitness levels, with specific adaptations aligning with the requirements of each exercise modality. Moreover, distinct psychophysiological responses can significantly affect long-term adherence to or discontinuation of exercise regimens, highlighting the importance of investigating how various exercise programs influence these responses. In terms of assessment tools for these fitness indicators, new evaluative possibilities may be developed, while certain existing tools warrant further research to establish their psychometric properties, especially those that offer cost-effective solutions.

OBJECTIVES: Primary – To identify the effects of different exercise modalities and protocols on fitness indicators and psychophysiological responses across various age groups; Secondary – To determine the psychometric properties of accessible and cost-effective measurement instruments for assessing physical fitness indicators.

METHODS: Randomized controlled clinical trials and systematic reviews with meta-analyses will be conducted to identify the acute and chronic effects of different exercise modalities on fitness indicators and psychophysiological variables across age groups. Various fitness indicators will be considered (e.g., cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, flexibility, agility, balance/postural control, strength, power, and muscular endurance), as well as psychophysiological variables (e.g., subjective perception of effort and affective valence). Questionnaires will be used for functional screening and assessment of quality of life. For studies aimed at determining the psychometric properties of new measurement instruments related to physical fitness, gold-standard tools (e.g., isokinetic dynamometer and force platform) will be used as references. In systematic review and meta-analysis studies, database searches with relevant keywords will be systematically performed. In these studies, different exercise modalities will serve as the interventions, while at least one measurement related to fitness indicators or a psychophysiological variable will be required as an outcome. For clinical trial statistics, analysis of covariance with adjustments for baseline data will be applied. The psychometric properties of assessment instruments will be determined through the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plotting. Finally, meta-analytic calculations will be performed using the weighted or standardized mean difference between intervention and control groups for the various observable outcomes.

EXPECTED RESULTS: The results are anticipated to enhance understanding of which exercise modalities and protocols are most effective for improving physical fitness indicators across different age groups, thereby impacting human performance. Additionally, this study aims to identify the psychometric properties of new, accessible, and cost-effective measurement instruments for assessing various fitness indicators. The project is also expected to provide insights into the short and long-term effects of physical exercise on psychophysiological responses that influence and impact adherence to different exercise modalities.

Professor: Laís Campos de Oliveira

Line of Research: Functional and Psychophysiological Aspects Associated with Human Performance

JUSTIFICATION: Physical-functional and psychophysiological aspects can be influenced by multiple factors throughout the lifespan. Specific periods, such as pre and postpartum, menopause, and the aging process, typically lead to declines in functional performance due to various factors, including diminished muscle strength and endurance, reduced postural control/balance, and decreased agility. These declines adversely affect the execution of daily tasks and negatively impact the overall life quality. To mitigate these factors, various intervention strategies have been explored, particularly emphasizing physical exercise and the utilization of diverse devices. However, many of these intervention possibilities require further investigation. Additionally, psychophysiological aspects such as self-efficacy, affective valence, and subjective perception of effort can significantly influence observable outcomes, yet few studies have adequately considered these factors. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to develop and validate new technologies that can enhance the functional autonomy of these populations, thereby positively impacting their quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of various interventions on physical-functional and psychophysiological aspects and to validate new technologies for assessing and managing functional autonomy in diverse populations.

METHODS: Randomized controlled clinical trials will be conducted, alongside systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis. Depending on each specific subproject, physical-functional tests will be performed to identify variables such as muscle strength and endurance; static and dynamic postural balance; range of motion; motor coordination; and agility. Regarding psychophysiological variables, scales will be utilized to assess factors such as self-efficacy, affective valence, subjective perception of effort, among others, depending on the subproject. Functional screening will be conducted through questionnaires aimed at evaluating life quality, sexual health, urinary incontinence, sleep patterns, frailty phenotypes, fear of falling and its incidence, among other factors, as dictated by the subproject. For systematic review studies, searches will consistently be conducted using relevant keywords in specific databases, considering exercise as the exposure variable and physical-functional or psychophysiological variables as outcomes. The validation of new instruments for assessing and managing functional autonomy will be based on the gold-standard instruments as references. The statistical analysis for clinical trials will primarily involve covariance analysis to compare groups with adjustments for baseline data, while the validation of instruments will occur through association measures.

EXPECTED RESULTS: This project aims to contribute new evidence regarding contemporary intervention methods targeting various physical-functional and psychophysiological aspects across diverse populations. Furthermore, it is anticipated that new instruments will be developed to assist in the assessment and management of physical-functional variables that impact the execution of daily activities.

Professor: Carla Cristiane da Silva

Line of Research: Functional and Psychophysiological Aspects Associated with Human Performance

JUSTIFICATION: It is widely recognized that during childhood and adolescence, there is a deficit in the recommended values of health-related physical fitness and human performance. Furthermore, alongside the decline in physical fitness levels among children and adolescents, low scores in motor competence are observed, which is related to proficiency in locomotor and object control skills. This scenario creates a negative feedback loop; that is, low levels of physical fitness exacerbate low levels of motor competence, which, in turn, leads to disengagement from motor activities. Conversely, previous studies have shown that children involved in environments with organized sports and/or recreational activities demonstrated higher levels of physical fitness and motor competence compared to those not engaged in such practices, positively reflecting on various parameters associated with these variables.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of interventions involving physical training, sports activities, and recreational programs on physical performance, motor competence, and immunological and autonomic parameters in children and adolescents.

METHODS: The various subprojects associated with this larger initiative will be conducted through systematic review studies and randomized controlled trials. In the intervention studies, the subjects will always consist of school-aged children of both sexes, aged between 2 and 19 years. Volunteers will undergo assessments at baseline, post-intervention, and during follow-up. Physical growth and body composition indicators will include body mass, height, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and body circumferences measurements. Motor tests will be administered to evaluate physical fitness and to investigate motor competence. Autonomic activity will be assessed through heart rate variability and salivary alpha-amylase levels. The immunological state will be evaluated by analyzing the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA). Heart rate variability will be measured at rest for 10 minutes in a supine position, with saliva samples collected in a non-stimulated manner. The different intervention protocols associated with this larger project will take place in the physical environment of the schools where the children and adolescents are already enrolled, with weekly frequency and varying durations in each subproject according to specific objectives. Specific physical training sessions, sports activities, and/or recreational programs will be organized, involving locomotor activities (running, jumping, moving), manipulative activities with balls (kicking, throwing, rolling, catching), and stabilizing activities (dynamic balance). The activities will be conducted in a combined manner, allowing children to apply their skills in pre-sport games and recreational activities (tag, relays, circuits). Statistical analyses will primarily consider the interaction between the intervention and control groups over time through repeated measures analysis of variance.

EXPECTED RESULTS: It is anticipated that potential modifications in physical fitness levels and motor competence will be identified, along with their impact on the immunological and autonomic states of children and adolescents. This knowledge will contribute to professional practice regarding selecting activities for this age group. Furthermore, based on observable results, the aim is to develop tools, such as smartphone applications, that can be utilized for monitoring the physical fitness of schoolchildren. These applications will be equipped with specific cut-off points for each test, serving as reference standards for health professionals working with this population.

Professor: Ezequiel Moreira Gonçalves

Line of research: Functional and psychophysiological aspects associated with human performance

JUSTIFICATION: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widely used in clinical practice, particularly to assess body composition, hydration status, nutrition and as disease prognosis. Through the assessment of BIA parameters, such as resistance (related to cellular hydration) and reactance (related to membrane integrity), the phase angle can be determined and BIA vector analysis (BIVA) can be performed. Phase angle is widely used as an indicator of cell quality, function and integrity. BIVA, on the other hand, is based on interpreting the data from the resulting vector graph considering the resistance and reactance values. It has been widely used to analyze hydration levels, cell mass and to assess typical changes in body systems during growth and aging processes, as well as the effects of physical exercise and sports on these compartments. Additionally, studies have demonstrated the applicability of BIA to detect muscle injury in sports. Localized BIA measurements in muscle groups allow for practical lesion detection, as BIA is sensitive enough to detect changes in lean tissue hydration as well as cell membrane integrity and structure in a specific area.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship of BIA parameters with performance and health markers in different populations.

METHODS: Randomized and controlled clinical trials, observational and method validation studies will be carried out with athletes of different modalities and healthy individuals, of different age groups and of both sexes. To determine the BIA parameters, a tetrapolar and single frequency device (50kHz) will be used. Performance markers, such as muscle strength and power, will be determined through use of an isokinetic dynamometer, force platform and motor tests; aerobic fitness will be assessed by gas analysis (spirometry) and indirect methods (predictive formulas) in a cycle ergometer. In addition, other physical fitness indicators include: flexibility, speed, agility, balance, anaerobic power (Wingate Test) and body composition (anthropometric measurements, ultrasound, BIA and DXA) and also biochemical markers (lactate, cortisol, C-reactive protein, blood glucose, etc.). Analysis of variance (with adjustments for variables when necessary) will be employed to analyze data from clinical trials. In observational studies, descriptive analysis and linear regression, with validation studies of evaluation instruments being conducted through multivariate linear regression, intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plotting.

EXPECTED RESULTS: The results of this project should broaden the understanding of the possible relationship between performance indicators and BIA parameters, relating to cell integrity. Checking which sports, modalities and types of physical exercise are most efficient or harmful in cell integrity and hydration. In addition, developing new tools to monitor performance and possible injuries using BIA parameters, with multi-ethnic samples of children, adults and the elderly, with different levels of physical fitness.

Professor: Andreo Fernando Aguiar

Line of research: Functional and psychophysiological aspects associated with human performance

JUSTIFICATION: The ‘human performance’ construct interdependently covers psychophysiological aspects and components of physical fitness related to health (muscle strength/endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility and body composition) and motor performance (power/explosive strength, speed, agility, coordination and balance). Improvement in these components can be obtained through isolated practice of physical exercise or its combination with pharmacological (example: anabolic steroids) and non-pharmacological ergogenic resources, including: sports equipment, psychological techniques, nutritional supplementation, photobiomodulation therapy, among others. However, most aforementioned ergogenic resources do not present scientific confirmation regarding protocol, safety and effectiveness in different populations associated with health and physical performance; in addition, their effects combined with the various types and protocols of physical exercise remain unclear. Thus, additional studies are needed to investigate the impact of different ergogenic resources by themselves, or combined with different models of physical exercise, on the psychophysiological and morphofunctional aspects associated with human performance.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of ergogenic resources, in isolation or associated with physical exercise, on psychophysiological and morphofunctional aspects, associated with human performance.

METHODS: Acute and chronic studies will be carried out, involving young adult (18-65 years) and elderly participants (≥ 65 years) with different levels of physical fitness (trained or untrained). All studies will be pre-approved by the relevant research ethics committee, with clinical trials duly registered on the website https://clinicaltrials.gov/q. The eligibility criteria for sample recruitment, as well as the procedures and experimental protocols for physical exercise (type of test/exercise, equipment, frequency, intensity, volume, etc.) and ergogenic resources (dose, duration, timing, etc.) will be determined according to the needs and characteristics of each study. The dependent variables on this project will be associated with the psychophysiological and morphofunctional aspects of human performance, with an emphasis on improving neuromuscular fitness. The data obtained will be subjected to appropriate statistical analysis, including analysis based on statistical inference and clinical relevance.

EXPECTED RESULTS: In a practical context, it is expected that the results of this project will be able to provide theoretical-practical support for professionals in Human Movement Sciences, who work in human performance improvement programs. In an academic-scientific context, this project should include the training of several undergraduate and graduate students, as well as the dissemination of the work at relevant scientific events and the publication of scientific articles with a high impact factor.

Professor: Antonio Stabelini Neto

Line of research: Preventive and therapeutic aspects of physical activity in chronic diseases

JUSTIFICATION: Physical activity plays an important role in decreasing the size of fat cells, glucose homeostasis, regulating lipids and normalizing blood pressure; it is seen as a prophylactic measure, preventing several conditions and chronic diseases such as: obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, autoimmune disease and asthma in young age groups. Among these conditions, cardiovascular diseases stand out as the main cause of death, requiring monitoring and early intervention, as a way to reduce cardiometabolic risk. In this sense, there is a need to develop interventions and tools that result in sustained change for healthy behaviors since youth, with the practice of physical activity being one of the most effective means.

OBJECTIVE:

To conduct a longitudinal follow-up and analyze the effects of the interaction between physical activity and sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents, as well as apply intervention programs and develop tools based on behavior change theories.

METHODS: This is a larger project, to which different subprojects will be linked, with a random distribution of volunteers between intervention and control groups, involving the population of children and adolescents, between 10 and 18 years of age, enrolled in the public school system of the cities of the Northern Pioneer Region of Paraná. To measure the practice of physical activity, a digital pedometer will be used, with self-reported data being the basis to evaluate sedentary behavior. The cardiometabolic risk factors evaluated will be: waist circumference; blood pressure; fasting glucose, insulin and triglycerides. Subjects will be evaluated periodically. Regarding intervention programs, they will be developed according to the Theory of Planned Behavior (AJZEN) and the Social Cognitive Theory (BANDURA). To encourage behavior change for an active lifestyle, new technological resources will also be tested, mainly through smartphone applications developed specifically for the subprojects. The general characteristics of the subjects will be presented as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range for the numerical variables, and frequency distribution for the categorical variables. The effects of experimental interventions will be analyzed through analysis of variance for repeated measures, considering the factors (control x intervention) and time (pre and post).

EXPECTED RESULTS: The different multidisciplinary interventions and tools developed are expected to reduce the incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the investigated subjects. Thus, it is noteworthy that the results obtained from this project can provide valuable information for the positions related to health promotion policies for children and adolescents, in addition to generating technological resources that can be used in these interventions.

Professor: Rui Gonçalves Marques Elias

Line of research: Preventive and therapeutic aspects of physical activity in chronic diseases

JUSTIFICATION: Chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, especially cardiometabolic diseases. Risk factors for the development of these diseases have a high prevalence in the global population. In addition to genetic predisposition, the main cause associated with the onset and development of cardiometabolic diseases are risk factors acquired throughout life, such as poor eating habits, lack of physical activity and excess body weight. Such factors can be prevented or modified through changes in lifestyle, and regular systematic practice of physical exercise is one of the most effective actions to combat these conditions, being able to prevent approximately 80% of premature deaths from heart disease and stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with cardiometabolic diseases over time, as well as verify the effects of different physical exercise intervention programs on risk factors which lead to the appearance and development of cardiometabolic diseases, in adults.

METHODS: The subprojects linked to this larger project will be carried out with an adult population, of different age groups and of both sexes, randomly distributed between the intervention and control groups. Data will be collected regarding the characterization of the participants, as well as measurements of weight, height, circumferences and percentage of body fat. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels will be measured directly. Blood collection will be performed to identify different variables, such as: total cholesterol rates and fractions, glucose levels while fasting, triglycerides, insulin, tumor necrosis factor dosages, interleukin 6, C-reactive protein and adipokines. Different intervention programs containing physical exercises will be performed, such as: aerobic exercises and combined exercises (including walking and running), activities using body weight and weight lifting. Statistical analyses will involve trajectory analysis, and comparison between experimental and control groups through analysis of variance with repeated measures.

EXPECTED RESULTS: The results of this project should offer subsidies to identify the effectiveness of different physical exercise programs in relation to the prevention and control of cardiometabolic risk factors in the adult population. The most efficient protocols should be made available through smartphone applications, in order to assist professionals who prescribe physical exercises.

Professor: Dartagnan Pinto Guedes

Line of research: Preventive and therapeutic aspects of physical activity in chronic diseases

JUSTIFICATION: Reconciling technological advancements and modernity with the adoption of behaviors aimed at promoting health is one of the great challenges faced by contemporary society. Evidence available in the literature shows that the main causes of morbidities and premature deaths are directly related to modifiable risk behaviors, such as inadequate eating habits, physical inactivity, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, among others. Most risk behaviors start at early ages, especially during adolescence. Consequently, the experimentation and consolidation of risk behaviors in this period of development strongly compromise the health of young people, with serious repercussions throughout life and with little chance of reversing their harm. In this regard, in addition to adolescence being marked by profound physical, cognitive and emotional transformations as a result of the biological maturation process, young people experience a set of stressful situations and sudden changes in conduct, resulting from the interaction between social context, relationship with peers and the environment in which they live, which requires special consideration. Based on the assumption that the promotion of healthy behaviors in young populations can help reduce the onset and development of non-communicable diseases in adulthood, there is a need for valid and reliable data capable of identifying and monitoring health-promoting behaviors in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the influence of physical activity, food consumption, screen time and sleep duration on cardiometabolic markers in adolescents.

METHODS: Cross-sectional studies involving adolescent students of both sexes will be performed. Data collection will consider socio demographic data, physical activity, food consumption, screen time, sleep duration, anthropometric measurements, lipid plasma measurements, circulating blood glucose, C-Reactive protein, insulin and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Data will be treated using multivariate (MANOVA) and univariate (ANOVA) analysis of variance. Predictive capabilities, sensitivity, and specificity of health-promoting behaviors to identify presence of metabolic syndrome, compromised C-Reactive protein, and Homa-IR will be defined by ROC curve.

EXPECTED RESULTS: Considering that: (a) the monitoring of behaviors associated with lifestyles in young populations is one of the most significant tasks in the field of public health; (b) the proposition and development of intervention programs regarding the monitoring of health behaviors depend on the existence of information recognized as representative and up to date; (c) difficulties in identifying studies related to health behaviors and their associated factors that may meet the requirements for intervention often requires that health professional use information from casuistry ethnically, socially and culturally distant from their reality; and (d) population surveys carried out periodically can assist in monitoring any changes in indicators associated with health behaviors, thus contributing to assessments of the impact of possible specific health interventions on members of said population. It is believed that the present proposal may offer important information regarding indicators associated with promoting the health of adolescent students, which may significantly contribute to new knowledge in the area, leading to a new option for aiding future studies on the subject, in addition to assisting in intervention actions that favor health promotion/education at a young age.

Professor: Luciana da Silva Lirani

Line of research: Preventive and therapeutic aspects of physical activity in chronic diseases

JUSTIFICATION: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a growing public health concern. 3.2 million deaths/year worldwide are linked to a sedentary lifestyle. A portion of this inactivity is associated with the technological amenities offered during leisure, transportation or work. Although research has already demonstrated the importance of PA practice for maintaining health and preventing diseases, there has been a reduction in PA levels in the general population over the last few years. Regular PA contributes to the adequate development of health during childhood and adolescence, with the benefits persisting into adulthood, positively impacting physical fitness, generating a protective effect against the development of chronic diseases. Possible ways to stimulate the practice of PA include: technology-based increments (applications, wearables and gadgets), capable of making the practice of daily PA more interesting through self-monitoring, likelihood of interaction and establishment of tangible goals.

OBJECTIVES: a) to verify the impact of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behavior on risk factors for the onset and development of chronic diseases in different age groups; b) to investigate physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behavior on quality of life and development of chronic diseases at work, in economically active populations.

METHODS: This is a larger project, which, depending on each subproject, shall be carried out with children and adolescents or adults. To this end, observational studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews and psychometric validation of instruments will be performed. To identify the variables of interest, questionnaires, direct measures and technology-based increments will be implemented, aiming to identify: physical activity/inactivity, sedentary behavior, quality of life, eating habits, cardiovascular risk, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep and stress perception. Evaluations of anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood tests, as well as PA measurements and motor tests may also be performed. Individuals surveyed will be subdivided into comparison groups according to exposure variables. Chronic diseases and risk behavior associated with lack of PA will be identified through consensus criteria of national and international organizations. Statistical analysis will involve descriptive analysis, normality test, parametric and non-parametric tests appropriate to the variables involved in the studies.

EXPECTED RESULTS: This project is expected to help establish the relationships between PA, sedentary behavior and risks of chronic diseases in different age groups. Currently, there is a small number of studies on the effectiveness of the use of technological increments aimed at increasing PA and reducing sedentary behavior. Thus, there is a need for studies involving technology-based interventions for specific target groups (children-teenagers-adults), in order to obtain evidence of the relationships between PA and intervention strategies that motivate its constant practice.

Professor: Débora Alves Guariglia

Line of research: Preventive and therapeutic aspects of physical activity in chronic diseases

JUSTIFICATION: Chronic diseases are characterized by having one or more of the following characteristics: 1) they are permanent, 2) they leave residual disabilities, 3) they are caused by an irreversible pathological alteration, 4) they require special training for rehabilitation, 5) they require a long period of supervision, observation or care. In this sense, factors such as insufficient physical activity, smoking, unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol are understood as the main modifiable risk factors for the development of chronic diseases in Brazil. Thus, understanding the barriers to/facilitators of access to risk factors, monitoring and interventions to modify risk factors are fundamental for improving health in people suffering from chronic diseases.

OBJECTIVES: a) To evaluate the lifestyle in patients with chronic communicable or non-communicable diseases, such as people living with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and cancer patients; b) To identify barriers/facilitators of lifestyle indicators in people diagnosed with chronic diseases; c) To monitor people living with HIV/AIDS, cancer, hepatitis, among others in the Northern Pioneer Region of Paraná in relation to the practice of physical activity and different health indicators; d) To compare the effect of strategies which modify the lifestyles of people diagnosed with chronic diseases.

METHODS: Through this project, observational studies and clinical trials will be derived to meet the expected objectives. People in treatment of chronic diseases in the region will be invited to volunteer, through announcements in health units which serve this population and distribute medication. Lifestyle and related barriers/enablers will be assessed as primary endpoints. As secondary outcomes, health parameters extracted from medical records, clinical information and the assessment of metabolic syndrome indicators such as abdominal circumference, blood pressure, laboratory tests of glucose levels during fasting, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides will be evaluated. Regarding the subprojects which involve interventions, the same evaluations will be considered. In this case, interventions should involve face-to-face physical activity programs, educational activities such as lectures, booklets and group dynamics to stimulate healthy behaviors and verify their impact on observable outcomes. Statistical analyses shall consider the model of each subproject, mainly involving association measures in observational studies; and analysis of variance with repeated measures in intervention studies.

EXPECTED RESULTS: The creation of an overview of the health condition and treatment of people with chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases in the Pioneer North region of Paraná, as well as the habits, barriers and facilitators for physical activity. Finally, it is expected that strategies will be developed, which are able to reach people living with chronic diseases, impacting physical activity and health indicators, contributing to better quality of life and treatment conditions for this population.

Professor: Mahara Daian Garcia Lemes Proença

Line of research: Preventive and therapeutic aspects of physical activity in chronic diseases

JUSTIFICATION: Smoking is characterized as an intense chemical dependence on nicotine, being classified as a disease by the World Health Organization (WHO) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), according to code F17. The negative effects of smoking on health increase morbidity and mortality worldwide, and are also a risk factor for several chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, different types of cancer and microbial infections (respiratory tract infections, bacterial meningitis), which generates overload of health agencies, high economic costs and social problems. The spread of tobacco-related chronic diseases (TCDs) is an incentive for cessation programs, as individuals with TCDs have been proven to quit smoking at higher rates. Brazil is considered a world reference in the fight against smoking because it develops efficient government policies and actions to control it. The recognition that regular physical activity can prevent or delay the onset of different chronic diseases has solid scientific support and is stimulated on a large scale by health policies in Brazil. Particularly in smokers, regular physical activity helps, in the short term, to reduce withdrawal, craving and anxiety symptoms, improves lack of concentration and sleep-related symptoms, control weight gain, which facilitates cessation attempts; in addition to being associated, in the long term, with a lower risk of developing chronic diseases. Therefore, as in smoking cessation, initiatives aimed at promoting regular physical activity are essential to prevent the deleterious effects of the combination of smoking, physical inactivity and the progressive advancement of chronic diseases in this population. Also, in view of the different limitations presented by this group, it is necessary to create or adapt instruments for evaluation and/or intervention in individuals with these conditions.

OBJECTIVES: Primary – To evaluate the effectiveness, in the short, medium and long term, of programs which promote physical activity in the smoking cessation process, as well as in the prevention and treatment of chronic tobacco-related diseases; Secondary – to develop and validate assessment and/or treatment instruments for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic tobacco-related diseases.

METHODS: This is a larger study, from which different randomized clinical trials will be derived. The sample will be composed of individuals who are smokers or former smokers, who show little active (<7500 steps/day), as confirmed by a pedometer. Different assessments will be carried out, such as: nicotine dependence (Fagerström Test), abstinence syndrome (Questionnaire of Smoking Urges – WSWS), quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey), anxiety and depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), sleep quality (Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Mini Sleep Questionnaire), functionality (Short Physical Performance Battery and 6-Minute Walk Test), questionnaires to assess the health status of individuals with diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension (Short Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases - Cadeq SV); Quality of Life Questionnaire in Arterial Hypertension - MINICHAL); balance (Berg balance scale), monoximetry for analysis of exhaled carbon monoxide, spirometry for analysis of pulmonary function, dynamometry for verification of peripheral muscle strength. Interventions will involve increasing steps/day, cognitive behavioral therapy and drug therapy. After the identification of smokers or former smokers with prevalent TCD, in partnership with basic health agencies, primary health care will be referred in addition to physical rehabilitation. For studies that shall determine the validity of new instruments related to the health condition and level of physical activity of smokers or former smokers, instruments considered the gold standard will be used as a reference. As for data analysis, tests will be applied according to the characteristics of each study protocol used.

EXPECTED RESULTS: It is expected that the results of the different subprojects will make it possible to identify the effects of interventions on tobacco abstinence in the short and medium term, and smoking cessation in the long term, thus subsidizing professionals with intervention strategies through physical activity for smokers, and in the rehabilitation of those already with TCDs. In addition, it is expected that the results derived from studies related to the validation of new measurement instruments may provide innovative possibilities for evaluation and intervention in patients with TCDs.

Professor: Fabrício José Jassi

Line of research: Preventive and therapeutic aspects of physical activity in chronic diseases

JUSTIFICATION: Chronic pain is characterized as a disease in itself, defined as one that lasts beyond the normal tissue healing time, typically being considered a period of three months, resulting in an important risk factor for physical disabilities, sleep disorders and depression, with a consequent negative impact on quality of life. For some time, the recommendations for treatment included rest and physical inactivity, however, current studies have shown that staying active, especially through physical exercise, has great potential as a treatment for this condition, with it necessary to establish the efficacy and safety of interventions more clearly. In addition, it is necessary to establish innovative interventions and protocols within the scope of physical exercise for the treatment of chronic pain.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of different intervention protocols with physical exercises and the impact of physical inactivity in people with chronic pain and its related factors.

METHODS: Systematic review studies, observational studies and randomized controlled clinical trials will be carried out in individuals of different age groups, of both sexes, who suffer from chronic pain. Depending upon the subproject, the following chronic pain conditions will be considered: with specific or nonspecific cause. The evaluations should involve instruments to assess the intensity of pain and disability, in addition to different physical and motor tests. Regarding interventions, the following will be considered, for example: segmental stabilization exercises, multicomponent exercises, in addition to testing new techniques and exercise protocols. Different interventions with physical exercises will be compared against each other, or other techniques typically used to treat chronic pain, such as: conventional physiotherapy, manual therapy and elastic bandage. In observational and systematic review studies, physical inactivity and/or different forms of physical exercise will be considered as exposure variables, with different conditions involving chronic pain as an outcome. Regarding the statistical procedures of the clinical trials, analysis of variance with repeated measures will be mainly used, comparing the intervention and control groups over time. For observational studies, measures of association will be used to verify the impact of exposure variables (e.g., physical activity, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior) on outcomes of interest (e.g., pain and disability).

EXPECTED RESULTS: This project has the potential to determine the effectiveness and safety of physical exercise programs and the impact of physical inactivity on chronic pain in different populations, in order to contribute to literature on the subject and to decision-making within the scope of professional practice. It will also be able to present innovative possibilities of intervention in people with different conditions of chronic pain, to professionals in the area of physical exercise.